Wrestlers Essay Example For Students

Wrestlers Essay High School Wrestling has always been thought of as the hardest and most enduring sport that takes place in high school. Only the toughest Jocks try out, and the weak are quickly discarded. Young women showing school spirit come to watch as the arms of young men in spandex are mingled about. During matches, coaches yell and scream at their young apprentices while they desperately battle to pin their opponent of equal weight. But, how equally are the two enemies matched? How much weight did one person have to lose, and how fast did he have to do it to be able to wrestle in that weight class? Once the wrestler makes his weight does he really have any physical energy left to wrestle? Losing an extraordinary amount of weight in a short amount of time is dangerous and unhealthy, and should be regulated for the safety of the athletes. We will write a custom essay on Wrestlers specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Coach James Derek Donoho is now in his third year of being head coach at Don Lugo High School. He says wrestling is a very dangerous contact sport that always has the risk of injuries, and people get hurt everyday. He believes its a good experience for young men and he is glad he went through it when he was in high school. Physical injuries come with the turf, and every person knows it when they join wrestling or any other sport. Its the un-implied risks that are not seen until commitments are made, that are the most dangerous to young athletes. Donoho is pro losing weight and says its good to loose weight and move to a lighter weight class, because its a little easier on the wrestler. It feels to them that they are wrestling someone lighter then they are. That is a tactical advantage, however people also move up to wrestle in higher weight levels to fill spots. That makes it unnecessary for teens to lose weight because they are already wrestling someone lighter then they are. We don t pressure our players to lose a lot of weight, says Donoho, they chose which weight class they want to wrestle in. If thats true, then there are a lot of young athletes who are willing to lose a tremendous amount of weight in a short amount of time just to make Varsity. Do people really put themselves in such danger to achieve the pride of being on a varsity team?Brandon Frescas, a third year wrestler on the team, says coaches just flat out ask us if we could get down to a certain weight by a certain time to fill spots. Sometimes its moving up a weight class, sometimes its losing a little weight, and sometimes its a lot of weight. Losing 10 to 15 pounds in a week is a lot of weight to lose. 10 to 15 pounds in a week is an absurd amount of weight to lose. On T.V advertisements say their diet can help people lose 10 to 15 pounds in a month, but never does it say one week. 15 pounds is about the size of a medium dog. Could anyone imagine stuff about the size of a dog leaving ones body in only one week? Michael Nava, also a third year wrestler, says coach asked me what weight I thought I could get down to, and I told him 135 pounds. I weighed about 137 pounds and he asked me if he could count on me to get down to 130 pounds. I thought about it and told him yes because I didnt want to let him down. Pressure from the coaches exists and every player knows its there. Although the coaches wont admit it, Michael Nava says, its dangerous if you have to lose a lot of weight.Losing an enormous amount of weight such as 10 to 15 pounds in one week seems impossible to an everyday person. But, according to the wrestlers its only almost impossible. There is an entire process wrestlers go through and its different depending upon how much weight needs to be lost. The secrets are passed down and taught to the younger wrestlers by the more experienced ones. The first thing taught is that when trying to go for quick weight loss, its mostly going to be water weight. So, sweating is most important and is where most of the weight will be lost. Before each practice begins some wrestlers will wear shorts and a T-shirt and put on a plastic sweat suit over that. On top of that go a layer of sweat pants and a hooded sweatshirt. The idea is to make a self-insulated sauna. Throughout practice, the conditioning makes the body create heat, causing buckets of sweat to be produced. How healthy is this, and then while inside the clothes its in the hundreds of degrees, the coaches turn the heater on. Now the heat is to a point were its not only just unhealthy anymore, but outright dangerous. For a more extensive weight lose, wrestlers can do a few more simple but unhealthy acts. They are told that constant spitting will help with the weight loss. A few players suck on hard candy and spit into plastic bottles all day during their classes. By the end of the day they have a full bottle of saliva that has been produced and removed from their body. A full 12-ounce bottle of saliv a would weigh about one pound. Not eating and not drinking is another major issue and activity some wrestlers will participate in. In normal weight loss, a persons output of calories must be more than their intake of calories in order for them to lose weight. Well, if they have no intake of calories they are defiantly going to lose some weight, and if they are not drinking any water then they are not going to have any water weight. Just the idea of not eating for any amount of time seams questionable, but starving for an entire week is stupid for anybody to do to just lose weight. Michael Nava said he knew a person who graduated who went from 150 pounds to 135 pounds in one week and did all of what is mentioned above. He told me he ate either one apple or one orange a day to loose weight. Brandon Frescas said, I knew the same person and by the end of that week he looked seriously sick, like he had aids or something. That right there seems proof enough as to why it is so unhealthy an d dangerous to lose so much weight so quickly. .u0f2c482d51daf9b80ab223d2998d608c , .u0f2c482d51daf9b80ab223d2998d608c .postImageUrl , .u0f2c482d51daf9b80ab223d2998d608c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0f2c482d51daf9b80ab223d2998d608c , .u0f2c482d51daf9b80ab223d2998d608c:hover , .u0f2c482d51daf9b80ab223d2998d608c:visited , .u0f2c482d51daf9b80ab223d2998d608c:active { border:0!important; } .u0f2c482d51daf9b80ab223d2998d608c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0f2c482d51daf9b80ab223d2998d608c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0f2c482d51daf9b80ab223d2998d608c:active , .u0f2c482d51daf9b80ab223d2998d608c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0f2c482d51daf9b80ab223d2998d608c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0f2c482d51daf9b80ab223d2998d608c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0f2c482d51daf9b80ab223d2998d608c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0f2c482d51daf9b80ab223d2998d608c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0f2c482d51daf9b80ab223d2998d608c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0f2c482d51daf9b80ab223d2998d608c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0f2c482d51daf9b80ab223d2998d608c .u0f2c482d51daf9b80ab223d2998d608c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0f2c482d51daf9b80ab223d2998d608c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: ** Caution: No AVS electronic verification availabl EssaySo much time and energy is spent on unhealthy ways to lose weight that once a wrestler actually reaches his goal, how does he actually feel? Is he mentally and physically exhausted and how well will he perform in the match once he has made his weight? The person who went from 150 pounds to 135 pounds in one week lost the match, Michael Nava said. He wrestled so bad and just looked like he had no energy left. If the idea of losing weight is so that wrestlers will have an easier match in a different weight class, what is the point of the whole process if once they get to that weight they have no energy and wont win the match anyway. It makes more sense to let the wrestler wrestle at a level where he is at his highest strength potential, that way there is more of a chance for victory. Wrestling is a good sport full of individual competition, however the weight loss needs to be regulated. It needs to be under control so that nobody will get permanently sick from sudden weight loss. Players should be weighed at the beginning of the season and be allowed to lose enough weight to go only one level lower if they want. Any more than that is unhealthy and unsafe. Coaches need to stop denying the fact that they are putting pressure on athletes to lose weight because they need to fill empty weight class levels. They need to go recruit players already at a certain weight so they have more chances of winning. Sudden weight loss is a serious illness that needs to be dealt with. Soon it is going to cause death among teenage athletes. Bibliography:

Populism essays

Populism essays During the late nineteenth century, the agrarian movement evolved into a political force that energized American farmers to voice their political and economic grievances like never before. Although the movement essentially died after William Jennings Bryan's loss of the 1896 Presidential election, many of the reforms they fought for were eventually passed into law. American farmers found themselves facing hard times after the Civil War. In the West, the railroad had opened up enormous opportunities. Farmers were now able to cultivate land that had previously been to far from the Eastern markets to make a profit. However, that opportunity came at a price. The farmers increasing dependence on the railroads and other commercial interests made them an easy target for exploitative business practices. The growth in land also contributed to overproduction, which was another factor contributing to the farmer's hardships. The expansion of farmland combined with the mechanical advances in agricultural technology greatly increased production in the west. In the south, sharecropping and the cycle of debt it generated led to overproduction. In order for a tenant farmer to get out from under debt to the landowner they needed to increase planting, creating a surplus of cotton and tobacco. In both sections of the country overproduction led to falling crop prices and soil exhaustion. In 1867, Oliver Kelley saw the plight of the American farmer and created the Order of Patrons of Husbandry, the National Grange. Loosely modeled after the Masons, the Grange originally set out to be more of a social and educational outlet to help combat the isolation felt by many farming families and included women among its members. Eventually the purpose of the grange expanded into the political sphere. The Grange became the head of a nationwide agrarian movement, serving a purpose similar to that of a union to industrial laborers. Membership rose rapi...

Poverty in Africa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Poverty in Africa - Essay Example This has led not only to the formation but also to strengthening of G8 from time to time. The fabric of G8 is engulfing in its fold ever more areas of security, trade, development and other human concerns including environment and sustainable growth and advancement perspectives. The 'collapse' of the Brettonwoods system in 1971, formation of Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries in 1967, Yom Kippur War of 1973 the 1973 Oil Crisis, economic recession and stagflation in 1970s are the major factors leading to emergence of G8 (Tinbergen, 1977. See also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973_oil_crisis ). Their concern for poverty also has apparent reasons. Among developing and underdeveloped nations, Africa alone has about 170 million people living in subhuman circumstances with almost nothing but garbage to eat daily. This is, indeed, a vast potential of human resource going waste while living under severe conditions. Future of the world, to a great extent, lies in proper prospective development of these widespread pockets of poverty and squalor. G8, as such, has evolved from a 'Library Group' to G8 today. Since 1975, the heads of state or government of the major industrial democracies have been meeting annually to deal with the major economic and political issues facing their domestic societies and the international community as a whole. The six countries at the first summit, held at Rambouillet, France, in November 1975, were France, the United States, Britain, Germany, Japan and Italy (sometimes referred to as the G6). They were joined by Canada at the San Juan Summit of 1976 in Puerto Rico, and by the European Community at the London Summit of 1977. From then on, membership in the Group of Seven, or G7, was fixed, although 15 developing countries' leaders met with the G7 leaders on the eve of the 1989 Paris Summit, and the USSR and then Russia participated G8: Poverty in Africa in a post-summit dialogue with the G7 since 1991. Starting with the 1994 Naples Summit, the G7 met with Russia at each summit (referred to as the P8 or Political Eight). The Denver Summit of the Eight was a milestone, marking full Russian participation in all but financial and certain economic discussions; and the 1998 Birmingham Summit saw full Russian participation, giving birth to the Group of Eight, or G8 (although the G7 continued to function along side the formal summits). At the Kananaskis Summit in Canada in 2002, it was announced that Russia would host the G8 Summit in 2006, thus completing its process of becoming a full member (http://www.g7.utoronto.ca/what_is_g8.html see also http://www.g8online.org/ , http://www.g8.utoronto.ca/ ). G8 and Millennium Summit Goals G8, at the latest Gleneagles Summit, has covered several areas of contemporary challenges to international community. One of the major concerns has been the question of poverty in

Financial issues Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Financial issues - Assignment Example The global financial crisis is one that has affected many companies. This has led to many changes with regard to the various regulations that exist. There is development in financial planning and the management of wealth (Elizabeth 1156). The article critically discusses this and shows the manner through which the global financial crisis of 2008 has led to trading of financial instruments. There is also the existent issue in modern days with regard to financial instruments that brings up the question of disclosure in the relevant industries and a case in example is what happens in Brazil mostly (Malaquias 95). Many companies do not seem to appreciate the value of privacy in an organization. In modern days, privacy is so poor such that financial statements of various debtors are portrayed to other people that attend to the same bank. Financial reporting is also important as some people fail to offer the important information that is necessary for financial instruments and planning. This information is such as the actual assets that the company or individual bears (Mark 3). It is important for these people to offer exact information to assist in the actual planning of a person’s or the investment of the company. Malaquias, Fernandes. â€Å"Disclosure of financial instruments according to International Accounting Standards: empirical evidence from Brazilian companies.† Brazilian Business Review, 2013: 10, 3. Pgs 82 – 107. Elizabeth, Blankespoor. â€Å"Fair Value Accounting for Financial Instruments: Does It Improve the Association between Bank Leverage and Credit Risk?† Accounting Review, 2013, 88, 4. Pgs 1143 –

Sales Letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sales Letter - Essay Example ABC Insurance is fast becoming the brand of trust in the industry as can be depicted from various national and international reports and articles. ABC Insurance believes that the companies that are running in different spheres successfully looks for profit from every possible transaction as it is not possible for the organizations otherwise, to create value for the shareholders. In order to maintain such objective, ABC Insurance proposes your company of repute to provide insurance coverage of all the real estate properties that XYZ Body Shop Company owns globally. You would be happy to know that ABC Insurance have special policy schemes designed only for the XYZ Body Shop Company that guarantees at least 25% lesser premium compared to the rates prevalent in the industry. I would like to draw your attention to the fact that ABC Insurance would take every possible ways to come up with customized schemes for XYZ Body Shop Company that would have positive and mutually beneficial impacts on the businesses of both the corporations. ABC Insurance is all set to provide $ 100 credit to all the customers of XYZ Body Shop Company if we are provided the opportunity to insure the auto segment too. And this is not any marketing gimmick. My company is ready to credit $ 100 on the estimated repairs of the customers as we would underwrite a new auto insurance which would help in reducing the overall cost of repair. Not only these, we would also like to increase the credit limit that would be available to the customers, which could be finalized as and when the business progresses. ABC Insurance is a name in the industry of insurance and we have client base from almost all of the spheres of the industry. It includes from real estate construction to financial institutions, from consumer goods to hospitality industry and many other. And, it is fact that all the clients have huge banks of

Multiculturalism in Lebanon

Multiculturalism in Lebanon Lebanon is a country with a long history which made it what it is today, a multicultural country. In a book called Geopolitique du conflit libanais by Georges Corm, written in French, the Lebanese situation and how it got to the state it is now culturally is explained. This book starts off by saying that everywhere in the world, be it Paris, London or Geneva, the Lebanese is used to be seen in the refined, cosmopolitan world of high finance, international negotiation, and real estate promotion. The author says about the Lebanese, quoting, on a trop coutume de le voir, pignon sur rue (Corm, 1986: 5) which literally means we are extremely used to seeing him, gable on street, the Lebanese. To be able to understand the multiculturalism of the individual carrying the Lebanese nationality, it is primordial to understand major highlights of this countrys history. Corm (1986: 6) highlights the impact several historical moments had on Lebanon and the development of its culture. As is known to all, Lebanon was under French mandate for a very long time. However, before the French occupation, in the previous century, Lebanon had been occupied by the Ottoman Empire. This Ottoman Empire occupation led Napoleon the Third to send an expedition in order to protect the Christians of Lebanon against the ferocity of Ottoman soldiery (Corm, 1986: 10). In 1975, a civil war exploded in Lebanon. Many times, foreign and powerful countries intervened. In 1976, France, ancient occupational force, mentioned the possibility of bringing in Lebanon French troops (army) (Corm, 1986: 9). In 1978, soldiers belonging to the United Nations came to establish their troops in Lebanon. Moreover, in 1981, the United Nations of America also intervened in this civil conflict. Lebanon being a country based on confessionalism (divided into religious groups) (Corm, 1986: 6), the conflict became vaster when there was a separation between the Lebanese populations due to religion. The Christian Maronites asked for the French intervention, while the Druzes asked for British intervention (Corm, 1986: 210). From all of the above, we can see that countries encompassing many different and diverse cultures intervened in Lebanon imposing their language (that is, French and English), and their principles. For example, Lebanese children attending French schools were forbidden the practice of Arabic language within the school walls. In a way, this is the basis of what gave the Lebanese individual the easiness to adapt. The Lebanese got this acceptance of adaptation when he immigrated to other foreign destinations where life promised to be better. Corm (1986: 20) describes a typical Lebanese person as a citizen of the Lebanese capital, Beirut city of patricians, merchants, artisans, and jurists ready to serve any new conqueror. Whether the conqueror was Egyptian, Iranian, Byzantine, French, American or British, it didnt matter. The only thing that mattered to a Lebanese person was that business was stable and always on the run (Corm, 1986: 29). Because of the influence of the West in a country considered as being Oriental, Lebanon was thereof called this junction between the Orient and the Occident (Corm, 1986: 15). The area of study: Culture can be defined as a body of learned behavior, a collection of beliefs, habits and traditions, shared by a group of people and successively learned by people who enter the society (Joynt and Warner, 1996: 33). Society in this context can apply to any level of culture, like nation, organization or profession. While in most instances, a persons nationality is a sufficient indicator of their culture (where the culture is the norm of that nationality), many societies now contain a variety of ethnic groups and individuals may easily be influenced by cultures other than their apparent nationality (Joynt and Warner, 1996: 33). A specific ethnic group can be characterized by its language, politics, attitudes, economy, religion, values, customs, education, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Joynt and Warner, 1996: 34). A specific ethnic group can also be called a Diaspora. Many definitions were given as to the word Diaspora. Generally, Diasporas are communities that define themselves by reference to a distant homeland from which they once originated (Coles and Timothy, 2004: 1). When an ethnic group or a group belonging to a specific ethnicity, culture, religion, national identity and sometimes race (Coles and Timothy, 2004: 3) are dispersed (that is, dislocated and then relocated voluntarily or not) around the globe, this is what can be called a Diaspora. Coles and Timothy (2004: 4) mention Sheffers notion of a modern Diaspora as residing and acting in host countries while still maintaining strong sentimental and material links with their countries of origin. They therefore have collective memories (Coles and Timothy, 2004: 5) of their traditional country, and they face the same situation as their co-ethnic members (Coles and Timothy, 2004: 5). Diasporas are also divided into two distinct categori es. The first category consists of victim Diasporas who have had a traumatic displacement from their territory (Coles and Timothy, 2004: 6), and the second is the labour Diaspora which is scattering in pursuit of work (Coles and Timothy, 2004: 6). This brings up the cultural aspect of this study. Coles and Timothy (2004: 7) state that Diasporic communities move between regions and do not occupy a single cultural space, which leads to hyphenated communities which constitute the semantic coupling of the homeland and the host state. This affects the process of adaptation, assimilation or internalization of a host countrys culture (Joynt and Warner, 1996: 166). The field of consumer behavior is the study of the processes involved when individuals or groups select, purchase, use or dispose of products, services, ideas or experience, to satisfy needs and desires (Solomon, Barmossy, Askegaard and Hogg, 2006: 6). In addition, people can express their self and their cultural and religious belonging through consumption patterns and sometimes there are cultural clashes (Solomon, Barmossy, Askegaard and Hogg, 2006: 6). This is what links culture and the behavior of Diasporas in host countries to the field of consumer behavior. Accordingly, Nguyen and Polonsky (2003: 1561) say that the number of migrants and migrant communities in first world countries has increased significantly and that the constant process of acculturation and motivations (Nguyen and Polonsky, 2003: 1561) is important in consumption because migrants frequently want to maintain links to their home country (Nguyen and Polonsky, 2003: 1561). This study aims at understanding more clearly the consumer behavior concerning the members of a Diaspora community. In relation to this, the fact that consumer behavior also depends on the type of product consumed has to be taken into consideration. Research suggests that many different social situations have different norms of ethnic behavior (e.g. type and amount of food and drink considered appropriate), suggesting that the relationship between ethnicity and behavior is affected by the type of product being considered (Stayman and Deshpande, 1989: 363). Food and commodities products are more cultural. Therefore, to study culture affecting consumption motives (Henry, 1976: 123), a product class for which specific value orientations can be reasonably expected to affect choice significantly (Henry, 1976: 123) must be selected in a study. Thus, food is chosen in this research for the study of the behavior of Diaspora consumers because food is more than a means of nourishment and sustenance; it is also a key cultural expression, it can provide us with a taste of home and serve to reaffirm ties to their culture of origin (Penalosa, 1994: 41). Sometimes members of a Diaspora can reject some of the consumption patterns (Penalosa, 199 4: 42) that are characteristic of the host country. Furthermore, the products brand and the image that the brand gives to the consumer are also important to consider as cultural values penetrate the creation and perception of commercial symbols (Aaker, Benet-Martinez and Garolera, 2001: 494). To summarize, the cultural function of consumption means that the cultural context should, among other things, be taken into consideration when studying the meaning of objects for consumers and the use they will make of those objects (Wallendorf and Arnould, 1988: 533). There are country differences that can be used to interpret cultural differences in norms, attitudes, behavioral patterns, and important macro socioeconomic variables (Aaker, Benet-Martinez and Garolera, 2001: 499). Examples of country differences are conservatism versus autonomism and hierarchy/mastery versus egalitarian commitment/ harmony that relate to self-enhancement versus self-transcendence (Aaker, Benet-Martinez and Garolera, 2001: 504). These are typical differences between Lebanese and French cultures (Orient versus West). In this study, a questionnaire was distributed online to members of the Lebanese Diaspora in Paris, and semi-structured in-depth interviews were carried out with Lebanese people who had lived or are currently living in Paris. Subsequently, the data collected from the questionnaire was tested on SPSS 15 and a factor analysis was run. As for the interviews, major themes were identified as well as interpreted. Many limitations stood in the way of this study. To list a few, time constraints did not allow enough questionnaires to be collected thus making the statistical analyses less credible. In addition, English was the language used in the questionnaire while the Lebanese in Paris are mainly francophone, and the interviews were carried out in French thus not translating exactly the emotions and the real meaning of the interviewees words. Objectives and Research questions of the study: Following the aim and context of the study, research questions and objectives were derived. This study will aim to examine the socio-cultural aspect of consumer research while focusing on one durable good. Hence, this study focuses on food as it is the most culturally influenced product and as its value orientations affect choice significantly. The last objective aims to show that consumers have purchasing habits and patterns that allow them to express their cultural identity by investigating the attitude and consumption habits of Diaspora consumers when it comes to food. The research questions derived from these objectives and that guided this study are the following: Are Diaspora consumers influenced by the host countrys brands and the way they are marketed? Do Diaspora consumers try to influence other consumers who come from different cultural backgrounds? (relating to the socialization aspect) Which identity do they try to construct while living in a foreign country? Do they preserve their cultural identity or seek a new or different one? And if the latter is true, why? Structure of the study: In the first chapter, the general literature concerning consumer behaviour in a cultural and ethnic context will be reviewed. Following from this, the details of the method used will be specified. Third, the results of the research carried out will be presented and discussed as well as interpreted, before concluding with the limitations of this study as well as its implications for further research.

First Cars Ltd Essay

Critical path analysis is a method that is used to plan out the many activities involved in a project to be able to find the most efficient way of complete it and how to complete it on time. From a research and development point of view, the decision to go ahead with this project relies solely on the critical path analysis provided by Amy Jones. In light of this, the operations director is rightly concerned about how valuable the data provided by the critical path analysis is. The arguments for and against seem to be balanced. Therefore, I present the most significant argument of how valuable a critical path analysis – which is how Amy’s data allows the business to be have a clear outline of when and where money is spent in the project. This means that the critical path analysis will help First Cars plc with their cash flow which would allow them subsequently to be able to plan out careful spending to ensure they are able to fund the project. This would allow them to under go an investment appraisal before starting the project as they also have specific dates in which each part of the development would be ready. This is vital because of First Cars plc’s limited financial reserves it would mean they would be able workout the payback period and the average rate of return which could mean they are able to work out expected profits for the coming year from the which would mean shareholders would feel happier with the business as they are able to see a clear direction in which the business is improving, but most importantly it will show if the project is viable as they will be able to know how quickly it will allow the business to generate cash quickly to ensure they do not face a poor cash flow situation which could see the business dipping into liquidation. Another potential benefit of using critical path analysis is that it allows such an important project to be planned thoroughly in order to make sure everything is completed properly and on time. This is important because the business has a very clear deadline to make (August 2010) any issues which could mean they are not reached on time would result in the business failing to reach this deadline. Amy makes it clear that it is important to enter this market early to ensure a strong competitive market position because this is so vital it allows the critical path analysis to be used constructively to ensure everyone keeps to the same deadlines, this is because the tasks on the critical path analysis are completed by various other departments meaning the business has a Matrix structure so therefore it is important to highlight how important it is to reach deadlines and a clear outline on what deadlines should be met and how long the project teams have to reach them because there could be confusion due to the overlapping authority which is held in a Matrix structure. On the other hand, there is evidence that makes the credibility of the critical path analysis doubted. The most important argument supporting this would be the accuracy of the information provided in the diagram. In the case study it says ‘information provided by Amy Jones’ because of this it is hard to determine if the numbers are correct. Whilst it is important to remember that this is a completely new venture and there are hardly any competitors there is relatively no previous data to be obtained from competitors, because of this Amy has no where to be able to validate her own data with which could be worrying to the Operations Director because these numbers could have been come up with in thin air with no chance in reality to be reached on time. This concern could stem from the fact that all the data comes from Amy, who is pushing this project extremely hard to get through in to production. As the business is relying on this proposal to put the business ‘back o n to the road of success’ having only a critical path analysis could be of none value at all to First Cars plc. Another argument doubting the value of critical path analysis in this proposal is that most of the activities to take place are not in Amy’s marketing division which could mean she could underestimate the time needed to complete other tasks resulting in the time needed to complete the project being set back by many weeks. Which could mean they do not reach their important deadline of August 2010 – which could possibly mean that they have thrown the whole project down the drain; this is because it is extremely important for the business that they reach the deadline if they want to become a strong competitor in the given market. Not only could the project be in jeopardy but the whole of the business if any of the deadlines aren’t met because it would put them in a poor state regarding their cash flow. All in all, even though the argument seems to be relevantly balanced I believe there is a lot to loss on this project, a considerably amount more than what is at stake to be gained. The project is so unsafe for a business which is already struggling to survive. I think that First Car plc needs to hold fire and invest in a project which will guarantee to bring in profits and cash quickly rather than one that is extremely risky with no previous data to compare it on and one that entails extremely high costs – cars could be sitting around for days or even weeks in expensive city centres with staff having nothing to do, I suspect it could be a seasonal business in regards to when someone might want a car and what for. Due to the reasons above I believe that in this case the value of the critical path analysis is extremely poor and that other factors need to be taken in to consideration, I would have liked to have seen more supporting evidence of the payback figures.

The Intergenerational Differences

The Intergenerational Differences of the Japanese canadian issei, nisei, and sansei In the wake of World War II, The Japanese Issei and Nisei both experienced extreme racial prejudices brought about by pre-existing anti-Asian racism and fear driven panic from the bombing of Pearl Harbor, and as a result became enemy aliens. However, pre-war intergenerational differences between the Japanese Canadian Issei and Nisei such as; traditional values, education, language, and age directly influenced the differences of the reactions that the Issei and Nisei had during the prooting and internment of Japanese Canadians during World War II. The racism and prejudices against the Japanese Canadians can be traced back to when Japanese Immigrants first began to settle in Canada. This hatred was mainly triggered by the Canadians em. y of the Japanese Canadians hard work, discipline, and contempt with the low pay and living standards that were pushed upon them. l Many of the Japanese Canadian Issei sp ent an average of 30 years working as fisherman, small business owners, and farmers, and due to the looming racism were declared to be unable to assimilate into Canadian Society.As a result Japanese Canadians Formed small communities in which they lived. Ken Adachi best summarizes the effects of this pre-war racism of the Japanese Canadians in this passage from his book The Enemy That Never Was: Canadian society all at once totally rejected the Japanese, confronted them with negative sanctions, and apparently doomed them and their Canadian born children to remain, in essence, a permantley alien, non-voting population.But at the same time, few immigrant Japanese wanted any part in the larger society. 3 This passage helps explain why the Canadian-born Nisei children experienced the same prejudices as their Japanese- born parents despite the fact that they were Canadian-educated and had little if any to the Japanese way of life. 4 It is important to note the generation differences that existed among the Canadian Japanese Issei and Nisei prior to World War II.The Japanese Canadian Issei continued to practice traditional Japanese values, ideals and authoritarian parenting style in their adopted homeland. The Issei tried to pass these ideals down to their children, however the children's involvement in the Canadian school district had a greater nfluence on the Nisei children and pushed them away from the Japanese ideals of their parents, and towards that of the Western Cultures. In fact, the majority of Japanese Canadian Nisei and Sansei disliked the forced Japanese teachings so much that Muriel Kitagawa explained that when the three Japanese newspapers and Japanese schools shut down following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the Nisei and Sansei were overjoyed because they had more time to play6 Immediately following the bombing of Pearl Harbor on December 7 1942, the Canadian Government began the persecution and suspicion of all Japanese Canadians.On December 8 1942 t he Royal Canadian Navvy impounded 1,200 vessels owned by Japanese Nationals. 7 The Issei willingly obliged to the confiscation despite the fact that their income relied on the vessels8. It is important to note that when the decision to evacuate all males of Japanese descent between the ages of 18 and 45 from the West Coast into the interior, there were only 5,000 of the 13,600 Nisei who were over twenty years of age. 9 The effects of the evacuation, tore the Japanese community apart.As a result of the uprooting and incarcerations, Japanese schools nd newspapers were shut down, which had a huge effect on the Japanese Canadian Issei because many had a very small knowledge of the English language so they relied on the Japanese newspapers for information on the war. After the shutdown of Japanese newspapers and the confiscation of radios and other communication devices, the Imprisoned Issei had little means of knowing what was going on, and mainly relied on circulating rumors.The effect of the uprooting and evacuation caused the Japanese Canadian Issei to be torn between their mother country Japan and their adopted country Canada. During this time many Issei chose to turn toward Japan for comfort and reacted to the expulsion by following their Japanese principles of cooperating with the Canadian Government, and accepted their punishment and had faith in Japans victory. 0 This excerpt from the diary of Koichiro Miyazaki explains his feelings during expulsion, â€Å"We Japanese who are overseas, have been isolated in enemy countries and our families are scattered. But despite our hardships we believe that everything is for our native country's future. This faith keeps me going. I believe that I am not the only one filled with confidence. † 1 1 The Nisei generation had little to no traditional ties to their parents mother land Japan, and thought themselves to be completely Canadian.Many Nisei such as Muriel Kitagawa tried to maintain a positive outlook when th e expulsion of Japanese Canadians first went into effect and tried to rationalize the Canadian Governments actions and had faith that they would protect the loyal Japanese Canadian Nisei. 12 Like the Issei many Nisei encouraged Japanese Canadians to cooperate with the government, and have faith in the RCMP. However political and age differences within the Nisei society, caused some Nisei to react differently to the expulsion. Many younger Nisei tried to fght against the Canadian Government and refuse to obey.These Nisei experienced severe backlash from the Government and were immediately imprisoned or beaten. 13 As the war continued the expulsion of the Japanese Canadians from the West Coast was no longer Just for the men but now for people of all people of Japanese origin, including women and children. At this point the Canadian Government has full control over Japanese Canadians property and can sell it without the owner's consent, and many Japanese Canadian families have been sep arated from the uprooting.On August 4 1944 Prime Minister King states that it is desirable that Japanese Canadians are dispersed across Canada. Applications for reparation† to Japan are sought by the Canadian ernment. Those who do not apply must move east of the Rockies to prove their loyalty to Canada. The Issei faced the difficult decision to apply for reparation and be back in their familiar homeland where some still had family, however the Issei who had been separated from their family during the expulsion faced the fear of their family being left behind to suffer in camps.Some Issei who chose to apply got their application denied and were orced to move across the Rockies, this caused many Issei to lose all hope of ever returning to Japan. 14 The Nisei, even those who initially trusted the Canadian Government to take care of the loyal and innocent citizens, felt that they had been absolutely betrayed by the country that they loved. They were being forced to give up everyth ing that they own and had worked so hard for Just to prove their loyalty to Canada.Some younger Nisei reacted to the move with an adventurous spirit, however many Nisei that had families of their own were faced with a very difficult decision with very uncertain outcomes. 5 Muriel Kitagawa voices her concerns in a letter to her brother: And the Nisei, repudiated by the only land they know, no redress anywhere. Sure we can move somewhere on our own, but a Job? Who will feed the family? Will they hire a Jap? Where can we go that will allow us to come? The only place to go is the Camp the Government will provide when it gets around to it.Ah, but we are bewildered and bitter and uncertain. 16 The expulsion of the Japanese Canadians from the West Coast during World War II Shattered the strong communities that existed among both the Japanese Canadian Issei and Nisei. Hard-working people were fired from their Jobs by employers that they had worked many loyal years for solely because of thei r race. The property that they worked for and and rightfully owned, could be taken away from them with as little as 24-hour notice, and sold by the Canadian Government without the need of consent from the owner.Families were torn apart and sent to camps where they were forced to work and live in harsh and extreme conditions. Despite the fact that both Japanese Canadian Issei and Nisei experienced these hardships as a result of he uprooting and expulsion during World War II, intergenerational differences such as traditional values, education, language and age, directly influenced the different and changing reactions that the Issei and Nisei had throughout their experience of expulsion from Canada's west coast during World War II.

Role of Art and Politics in the Italian Rennaissance essays

Role of Art and Politics in the Italian Rennaissance essays The Relationship Between Art and Politics During the Italian Renaissance During the Renaissance, art and politics were two very powerful and celebrated arenas of Italian culture. Art at this time was seen as a connection that was being established between the surreal and everyday life. Art was the most obvious sign of the awakening that was occurring to pull these people out of the Dark Ages. People, such as da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Cellini were celebrating this awakening through magnificent paintings and sculptures. Politics and political structure were also taking on great changes. This is evident through the excessive warring and violence that was so prevalent during the Renaissance. In Italy, the Pope came to assume a great amount of political power, which he used to influence other leaders and conquer neighboring lands. While these two areas of Italian culture seem to be very different, it is through the individuals that were the leaders of these respective fields that made them come to be very similar. Artists and politicians, during th e Renaissance, were seen by people of the time to be almost mythological figures capable of greatness. Artists were hailed as saints for the beauty they were able to create. Politicians were worshiped because they were able to display power over the people they ruled. It is when these two very powerful groups of people get together that this relationship is fully understood. Artists, during the Renaissance, were often very poor and could only survive on how good their work was. This became irrelevant when we talk about the greatest artists of the time who could command a great amount of money for any of their works. In many cases it was the politicians or wealthy families who would pay these artists to create a work of art specifically for them. The Medici family was famous for this towards the end of the fifteenth century. The Popes of this time were also known for patroniz...

Business Report of Apple and Samsung companies

Business Report of Apple and Samsung companies Executive Summary There are notable impacts of globalization on the performance of companies. Evidently, there is need for adoption of more strategic measures. These are applicable within all business operations. Marketing, organizational leadership and collaborations are important.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Business Report of Apple and Samsung companies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These factors are eminent within this report. Apple and Samsung companies face these challenges. The companies are associated with the contemporary Samsung galaxy s3 and iPhone 4s.The companies have remarkable performance and development history (Murray-Webster Williams, 2010). They also have wide range of trade networks and product portfolio. They produce electronic gadgets that have diverse functional capacities. The report analyses the macro and micro-environmental forces that influence performance of these companies. There are vital lessons drawn from the analysis of these two companies. Introduction This paper analyzes the Apple and Samsung companies. They are renowned global electronic producing corporations. In particular, Samsung Corporation manufactures TVs and mobile phones. Presently, it produces the modern Samsung galaxy s3. On the other hand, Apple Company produces the iPhone 4s. These corporations are notable global competitors. Their products are highly popular and acceptable within various global destinations. Indicatively, the two companies depict a high level of innovative technology (Palmer, 2004). This is notable from the period of their inception. The report examines various business factors influencing competition and success in these two companies. Various strategic tools of analysis are applicable in the process. These include the PESTEL and SWOT methodologies. Consequently, there is an analysis of the market strategies pertinent to each of these companies. The report also provide s important recommendations. Industry Background Electronic industry has shown tremendous growth. This is due to the increased global demand for electronic products. Particularly, this applies for the smart phones and contemporary personal computers. Evidently, the increased demand for electronic items is surpassing supply. That is, there is low supply due to the diminishing supply of raw materials.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These materials are crucial in the production of electronic items. This causes acute imbalances in supply of electronic gadgets and demand (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2011). As noted by researchers, electronic equipments play a fundamental role in transforming individuals’ lifestyle. This is because the items facilitate communication and execution of complex tasks. These require technological support. These items also enhance the d evelopment of social engagement between individuals. There is need to initiate effective communication and social engagement programmes. Programmes should be set with an aim of facilitating social integration and monetary growth. The basic aim is to enhance individuals’ welfare. Indeed, there is untapped potential in the electronic industry. This is evident from the present imbalance between supply of effective electronic gadgets and demand. Aspiring investors must consider this gap. Currently, the renowned companies that operate in this field undergo a lot of strain (Murray-Webster Williams, 2010). These include the Samsung and Apple electronic corporations. They strive to serve the global populace with requisite electronic items of great functional capacity and quality. They have adopted conventional and viable marketing techniques. These initiatives aim at ensuring that the locals acquire the essential electronic items. Such items include the Samsung galaxy s3 and iPhone 4s. These products have transformed basic global technological applications. This paper analyses the Apple and Samsung corporations. These are globally admired electronic manufacturing companies. Company Background Apple Company became operational in 1976. During this time, the core mission was to become the global â€Å"super† consumer product and be the leading distributor of electronic items. The company has immensely grown over the years since its inception in the US. Currently, it has several subsidiaries and business units. These are set to aid its product distribution to satisfy consumer needs (Apple, 2012). The company manufactures and supplies consumer electronic designs. These include computer software’s as well as the personal computers. The products are critical in improving communication and management in institutions.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Business Report of Apple and Samsung companies specifically for you for only $ 16.05 $11/page Learn More The company’s production processes follow strict guidelines. There is an evident application of conventional techniques. These facilitate the quality aspect of the products. It is imperative to note that the company has risen from a small in-house business outsourcing institution to a renowned supplier of electronic items. This was achievable through its noble and development oriented strategies. The strategies have been instrumental in its growth through several ways. For instance, they provide the relevant operating framework with performance ideals (Apple, 2012). The company enjoys a wide market share and plans to expand further to new market segments. Samsung is a high-rank global business organization that produces electronic items. It produces Samsung galaxy s3 that conform to consumer specifications. In addition, this product contributes immensely to people’s advancement. This occurs both socially and economically. The c ompany has had a record of good performance over the years. Particularly, it became the largest IT producer globally in 2009. This has facilitated its strong customer base. It has several assembly plants and sales subsidiaries that are in more than 61 countries. These provide it with a competitive advantage. The company’s growth is due to continuous implementation of transformational development plans (Samsung, 2012). Other products of Samsung are the laptops, electronic enhancers and phones. Product Overview Apple Corporation has a wide product range. These undergo processing and distribution for usage by consumers. The institution’s products are of great quality. They are suitable for use by various personalities. The products such as computer software, the iPhone 4s, as well as personal computers are presently common in the market. This explains their relevance in enhancing individuals’ communication and commercial dealings. Currently, the company has launche d new products. These are more popular and acceptable in the market (Apple, 2012). The iPhone 4s products increase the company’s merchandise portfolio. The electronics are suitable for use by individuals of diverse age groups. The products offer the company a promising business environment.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Samsung enjoys a wider market share due to its quality products. The products are relevant and appealing to consumers. Samsung enjoys a considerable level of customer loyalty within most global destinations. The company has market dominance where it supplies TVs, computers and the most recent Samsung galaxy s3. Apart from its native products, the company has rolled out new LCD systems. These also include efficient smart phones. This is due to high customer demand for high value electronic products (Samsung, 2012). Strategic Marketing Strategic marketing is a systematic product awareness creation. In this process, corporations adopt different strategies for its competitors. The objective is to enable an optimal exploitation of strengths and market opportunities (Palmer, 2004). The process assists in the identification of viable competitive undertakings. Samsung and Apple companies should integrate their strategic marketing systems to advance their performance. The strategy would boos t customer awareness and effective distribution of products. Macro-Environmental Forces Macro-environmental forces are external factors that influence organizational performance. The forces influence decision-making. They are not controllable by the institutions. These forces include political, economic, social, technological, ecological and legal (PESTEL) factors (Palmer, 2004). Principally, political activities influence the stability and formulation of trade policies. Political instability destroys business operations and cause redundancies. Economic issues revolve around monetary complications. Finance is essential in driving business operations and leveraging price tags. Poor economic standards may hinder potential business growth. Social, technological, ecological and legal factors are also significant. The continuous technological changes affect institutional growth. These companies must develop evaluation techniques for the environmental factors. Micro-Environmental Forces M icro environmental forces are institutional or internal factors. They have direct influences on the institutions. Poor planning, resource misallocation, communication and marketing strategies can affect internal operations. Other forces include inferior market segmentation and technological support. These factors may delimit institutional growth (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2011). It is the responsibility of administrators in the diverse institutional setting to formulate viable operating policies. SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis is an assessment technique that is applicable in institutions. It facilitates the identification of the operating strengths and the evident gaps that may hinder exemplary performance. The main aim of executing SWOT analysis is to strengthen the institutional strengths. It also aims to design amicable solutions to the evident gaps within operations. The two companies have major strengths that have steered them to greater heights (Palmer, 2004). Apple Corporation h as strong product brands and qualified personnel. Apart from these, it has effective distribution channels, good infrastructural set up and expansive market share. Its weaknesses and threats include possibility of new entrance, limited network and diminishing raw materials. Samsung’s operating strengths include strong brand name, diversified revenue base, and ability to customize products to the locals (Techunicorn, 2012). Additionally, other strengths include research; focus on emerging economies and booming of the use of smart phones. These opportunities and strengths present the company with lucrative prospect. Its weaknesses and threats include compliance issues, macro-economic factors and the allegations of unethical business. The analysis enables an institution to understand its current position and design viable strategies for improvement and sustainability. Market Segmentation Market segmentation is the process of dividing the market into various categories. This enab les marketers to understand the specific needs of individuals in the diverse categories. Marketers are under obligation to identify the needs of various individuals. Parameters that drive market segmentation include age group, income levels, fashion and product identity (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2011). The parameters are critical since the needs of individuals in terms of product specification vary. Products used by the youth or children may not be appealing to the elderly. Market segmentation variables include geographical, gender, social and economic. The variables also influence institutional marketing activities. These companies have well defined market segments. The companies produce products that conform to the specific needs of the customers in various segments. Both companies segment their customers by age, economic capacity, geography, fashion and gender. Target Markets These are potential individuals with specific product needs. These needs may undergo gradual satisfactio n. They are individuals with high purchasing propensity. Therefore, corporations must recognize their requirements. Marketers must identify and target lucrative segments with potential buyers. Such initiatives ensure that the institution make supplies to target areas. These areas lead to high levels of sales revenues (Techunicorn, 2012). Ideally, attaining a breakeven operating capacity requires proper market identification and distribution of items. Samsung and Apple Corporations in their pursuit for exemplary performance should develop strong market identification guidelines. Targeting Strategy Targeting strategy is the process of identifying viable markets and potential customers. The basic aim is for the company to vend its products successfully. The strategy involves segmentation of the marketplace (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2011). This transpires through the identification of suitable sections of the market where supplies can take place. It also enables the identification of t he merchandise that is dispersible in each section of market appropriately. Positioning Strategy Position strategy appertains to how the company seeks to roll out its product portfolios. The strategy enables institutions to acquire full identity and attract consumer loyalty. Market positioning is a competitive strategy that institutions use to acquire an advantage over its rivals. This is evident since it enhances products’ dominance in certain markets (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2011). This is relative to other competitive items. Various factors influence the positioning strategies of institutions. The factors include the level of product demand, financial status of the locals in the area, prospective opportunities and the need to gain dominance. The strategy is relevant in the present competitive environment. The companies should adopt its ideals to steer their growth. Recommendations Marketing is an integral element. Institutions with growth prospects should develop strong marketing policies and formulate viable product distribution networks. Apple and Samsung corporations should perform detailed evaluation of micro and macro environmental forces. They should also develop strong strategic marketing guidelines and support systems. Strategic marketing involves adoption of unique marketing plans. The companies should evaluate and perform proper market segmentation. References Apple. (2012). Introducing Apple. Retrieved from https://www.apple.com/macbook-pro/ Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D. Hoskisson, R. E. (2011). Strategic management: Competitiveness globalization. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Murray-Webster, R. Williams, G. (2010). Management of risk: Guidance for practitioners. Norwich, England: The Stationery Office. Palmer, A. (2004). Introduction to Marketing: Theory and Practice.USA, Oxford University Press. Samsung. (2012). About samsung. Retrieved from https://www.samsung.com/pk/#latest-home Techunicorn (2012). Samsung Galaxy S3 exp ected to prove more popular than predecessor. Web.

What makes managers effective with people in the workplace today Essay

What makes managers effective with people in the workplace today - Essay Example In this regard, effective managers are team players who function in an environment that is characterized by changing economic circumstances, rapid technological advances as well as changes in politics which are often challenges to conducting business (Gordon, 2002 as cited in Shultz 2005, p. 10). It can be noted that the 21st century workplace is undergoing immense and permanent changes hence efficiency and flexibility are demanded of organisations, teams have become important whereas participative management and empowerment have become central to effective management of people (Swanepoel, 1998). As such, this report seeks to explore the factors that make managers effective with people in the workplace every day. The report is divided into four sections which include the following: The first part addresses the challenges to managers of managing people during the contemporary business environment. ... This will also include practical examples of effective problem evaluation and resolution through the use of ‘people management’ skills in action. The fourth section specifically deals with evaluating the practical value of management self development. This includes an evaluation of personal ‘people skills’ strengths and weaknesses based on ELLI, the skills evaluation and development questionnaire, the emotional intelligence questionnaire, The Belbin teamwork, on-line questionnaire as well as a critical reflection of interpersonal/teamwork skills in class. The fifth section will deal with conclusions and a brief reflective summary highlighting the lessons learnt from writing the report. 2.0 Evaluation of ‘managing people’ challenges facing managers during the contemporary business environment During the contemporary period, it can be noted that one of the most challenging roles faced by the managers is to manage an organisation that is undergoing a major change process. The business environment in which the organisations are operating is dynamic and constantly changing hence the need for the managers to identify different ways of managing change (Swanepoel, 1998). The way these organisational changes are managed will play a crucial role in the extent to which organisations remain competitive and successful. In this case, the leader plays a pivotal role in ensuring the success of the organisation undergoing a change process. As such, it is important to highlight some of the roles played by the manager as well as the challenges that may be encountered in managing change. Change is about transition by the organisation from its current strategy and operations in order to move the

Working in teams and creating successful team dynamics Essay

Working in teams and creating successful team dynamics - Essay Example The aim of the paper is to examine the role of team dynamics in organizational effectiveness and analyze the factors which help the companies to create food working environment for their teams. Today, managers recognize the importance of teams dynamic in influencing behaviour at work. The concept of the organisation as a socio-technical system is concerned with the interactions between the psychological and social factors, as well as structural and technical requirements. Again, it may be remembered that technological change in the coal-mining industry had brought about changes in the social teamings of the miners (Campbell, 1997). Another important aspect if successful team dynamics is that team members in an organization will have one or more goals in common, such as to produce or market a product. Communication is essential within each team and members of a team have roles to play in order to achieve the team task. Expected behaviour patterns are developed within each team and these are referred to as norms. Any deviation from norms will bring team pressure to force a return to the 'norm'. Too low or too high an output as compared with the 'norm' may mean admonishment by team members. For instance, Apple Computer Corporation is a goof example of successful team dynamics: "Apple's management style was relatively in1ormal for a Fortune 100 company. As one employee in Finance said, "Things are done by committees, meetings, consensus. We have very few policies, systems, or controls. What we do is get a team of experts together and make a decision." (Gibbs, Beer, 1991) Distinctions have been made between formal and informal teamings. A teams team consists of carefully selected members who have skills and attributes that can assist the reaching of a desired goal. It will have a leader, subordinates, a location and a task to accomplish - for example, a planning committee. New methods of working disrupted the integration of small self-selecting teams of assembly line worker in Ford Motor Company who worked together as independent teams. The change had undesirable social effects and as a result the new method did not prove as economically beneficial as it should have done with the new technology. The result was a 'composite' method of working with more responsibility taken by the team as a whole. The composite method proved to be not only more rewarding socially to the workers but also more efficient economically than the previous new method of working (Sterman, 2000). To be able to create a good working environment, managers must be aware of certain aspects of team dynamics. Norms can be very influential in encouraging high or low productivity of members of the team. One method of increasing the dynamic in a team is to give members more say in the selection of persons they will be working with. Interview questions for employees: 1. Do like teamwork or prefer to work independently 2. Can you quickly see advantages and new opportunities 3. Is it easy for you to work in a diverse team 4. Is it important for you to be a leader of a team 5. Do you often influencing people without pressuring them 6. Can you work under pressure 7. What is your role in a team (now, previously) 8. What is you characteristic approach to teamwork 9. What is the best method of conflict resolution for you Explain. 10. When do you gain work satisfaction Explain. 11.